A+ Hardware troubleshoot display devices.

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Test and troubleshoot display devices.
Maintain and troubleshoot input devices.
Test and troubleshoot adapter cards.
Troubleshoot multimedia devices.
Troubleshoot storage devices.
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Display Devices
Following are the common display device issues:
Troubleshoot Monitor is dark or power indicator light is not lit.
No image displayed on the monitor.
Monitor flickers or is distorted.
Monitor turns itself off.
Screen goes blank, flickers, or acts bizarrely when a specific
application is active.
Monitor is on, but display is all white.
Monitor crackles or whines.
Physical damage, internal or external.
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Activity 6-1
Activity on
Troubleshooting Display
Devices
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Maintain and Troubleshoot Input Devices
Before maintaining and troubleshooting input devices, you
need to understand the following:
Common input device issues
Input device maintenance techniques
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Following are the keyboard issues:
Common Input Device Issues
Keys stick.
User with physical limitations is currently unable to use the
standard keyboard.
No input is sent when keys are pressed.
Keyboard-related message or beep codes given during
computer boot.
Wrong characters are displayed on the screen when user
inputs information.
Multimedia buttons not working properly.
New keyboard won’t plug into the same port as the old
keyboard.
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Following are the pointing device issues:
Common Input Device Issues (Contd..)
Mouse pointer jumps around on the screen.
Mouse works sometimes, but not others.
Mouse is not working.
USB mouse is not working properly.
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Following are the various techniques for input device
Input Device Maintenance Techniques
maintenance:
Occasionally disconnect keyboards and mice and gently wipe
them clean.
Clean loose debris from inside a trackball or mouse.
Gently shake an upside-down keyboard to remove debris.
Provide a clean, flat mouse pad or other mousing surface.
To avoid spills that can damage input devices, keep food and
liquids away from computer systems.
Replace cordless device batteries regularly.
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Activity 6-2
Activity on Maintaining
And Troubleshooting
Input Devices
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Cards
Following are the common adapter card issues:
Troubleshoot Adapter Adapter seems to work fine until you replace the system case.
Card works fine in another slot, but not in particular slot.
Card tests fine and slot tests fine, but services are
unavailable.
Services provided by the adapter or a device connected to the
adapter work intermittently.
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Activity 6-3
Activity on
Troubleshooting Adapter
Cards
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Multimedia Following common multimedia device issues:
Troubleshoot Devices
No sound when speakers worked fine before.
No sound when speakers never worked.
Microphone won’t work.
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Activity 6-4
Activity on
Troubleshooting
Multimedia Devices
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Storage Before troubleshooting storage devices, you need to
Troubleshoot Devices
understand the following:
Common storage device issues
Parallel ATA drive troubleshooting tips
SCSI drive troubleshooting tips
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Issues
Following are the hard disk drives issues:
Common Storage Device Error message at booting time.
POST error codes.
Can’t read from or write to the drive.
Drive is making grinding noises.
Data is frequently being corrupted.
Utilities are not running properly.
Hard drive is slow.
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Contd.)
Following are the optical drives issues:
Common Storage Device Issues (Can’t insert or remove disk.
Disk tray stuck.
Cannot read disk.
No sound.
Intermittent problems.
Can’t view DVD movies.
Following are the floppy disks and tape drives issues:
Read/write problems.
Unable to insert a floppy into an internal tape drive.
Unable to insert a tape into an internal tape drive.
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ATA Drive Troubleshooting Following are the tips for troubleshooting PATA drive:
Parallel Tips
For one drive on a channel, configure as Single or Cable
Select.
For two drives per channel, configure as Master and Slave, or
Cable Select.
When removing a drive, configure remaining drive as Single.
Use compatible drive modes.
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ATA Drive Troubleshooting Tips (Contd..)
Following are the tips for troubleshooting SATA drive:
Parallel Make sure controller card is supported.
Make sure controller driver is latest version.
Install driver manually if not detected.
Load controller to bypass drive size limitation.
Use jumpers to limit transfer rate if drive transfer rate higher
than controller rate.
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Following are the tips for troubleshooting SCSI drive:
SCSI Drive Troubleshooting Tips
Always check IDs and termination.
Handle SCSI cable carefully.
For a bootable SCSI disk, enable the SCSI BIOS.
Use proper cables.
Use proper connectors.
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Activity 7-1
Activity on
Troubleshooting Hard
Drive Problems
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Activity 7-3
Activity on
Troubleshooting
Optical Drive Problems
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
Following are the common adapter card issues:
Card won’t work in one slot.
Card and slot test fine, but services unavailable.
Following are the common display device issues:
Power issue.
Connection or settings issue.
Driver, magnetism, or interference issue.
Color quality or resolution issue.
Following are the input device maintenance techniques:
Clean loose debris from inside a trackball or mouse.
Gently shake an upside-down keyboard to remove debris.
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Summary (Contd.)
Following are the common multimedia device issues:
No sound when speakers worked fine before.
No sound when speakers never worked.
Microphone won’t work.
Following are the common storage device issues:
Boot problems in hard disk drive.
Disk tray stuck in optical drives.
Read/write problems in floppy and tape disk drive
Following are the parallel ATA drive troubleshooting tips:
When removing a drive, configure remaining drive as Single.
Use compatible drive modes.
Install driver manually if not detected
Following are the SCSI drive troubleshooting tips:
Check IDs and termination.
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Handle SCSI cable carefully.

A+ Hardware configure storage devices

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Select, install, and configure storage devices.
Install and configure power supplies.
Install and configure memory.
Install and configure CPUs.
Install and configure system boards.
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Install and Configure Storage Before installing and configuring storage devices, you need
Devices
to understand the following:
Drive types
HDD, FDD, Tape, Optical, Solid State
Power connectors
Hot swapping
Drive images and Disk partitions
Windows Disk Management
Internal device installation considerations
Configuration and optimization requirements
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Disk Drive The various types of hard disk drives are:
Hard Types
Parallel ATA (also known as IDE, EIDE, and ATA)
SCSI
Serial ATA
Parallel ATA hard drive
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A floppy disk drive is a read/write drive that uses removable
Floppy Disk Drives
disks:
Front view 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
3.5-inch floppy disk
R i ffl dikdi
Data cable Power cable
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Rear view of floppy disk drive
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Tape drives come in several formats.
Tape Drive Formats
Quarter-inch cartridge (QIC)
4 mm Digital Audio Tape
8 mm tape (Exabyte)
Digital linear tape (DLT)
Linear Tape Open (LTO)
DAT tape
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Drive Optical drives include CD and DVD drives.
Optical Types
CD
Hold 650 MB to 1 GB
Minimum 150 KB/sec data transfer rate, multipliers up to 64X
CDFS or UDF file system
DVD
Hold 4.7 GB on one side, up to 9.4 GB if both surfaces are used
600 KB/sec to 1.3 MB/sec data transfer rate
UDF file system
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Storage Solid state storage comes in several formats.
Solid State Types
USB flash drives
Flash drives
CompactFlash cards
SmartMedia cards
xD-Picture Cards
Memory Sticks
Secure Digital (SD) cards
MultiMediaCards (MMC)
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Every internal storage devices uses one of several types of power
Storage Device Power Connectors
connectors to get electrical power from the computer’s power
supply.
Berg connector
Molex connector
SATA Power Connector
Berg connector
Molex connector
Serial ATA
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Hot swapping is a type of hardware replacement procedure where
Hot Swapping
a component can be replaced while the main power is still on.
Main power
remains on
Device is recognized
automatically
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Partitions A drive image is a computer file containing the complete contents
Drive Images and Disk Types
and structure of a data storage medium or device.
Contents of entire
hard drive
A disk partition is an isolated section of a disk that functions like a
separate physical drive.
There are several types of disk partitions.
Primary
Active
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Extended
Logical
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The Windows Disk Management utility enables you to create, view,
The Windows Disk Management Utility
and manage disks.
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Considerations
There are a number of factors you should keep in mind when
Internal Storage Device Installation attempting to install an internal storage device.
Placement
Air flow
Power
Device Drivers
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There are several configuration and optimization requirements you
Storage Device Configuration and Optimization Requirements
must review before installing a storage device.
External USB devices
Use USB 2.0 if possible
Internal PATA hard disk drives
Verify jumpers properly configured
SCSI devices
IDs and termination
Any storage device
CMOS setup for recognition
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Activity 5-2
Activity on Installing
Internal Storage Devices
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Install and Configure Before installing and configuring power supplies, you need
Power Supplies
to understand the following:
Power supply form factors
Voltage requirements
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Like system boards and other components, there are
Power Supply Form Factors
several form factors available for power supplies, such as:
Power Supply
Form Factor Description
AT
Used in AT form factor cases and with AT or Baby AT
system boards. Dimensions are 213 x 150 x 150 mm.
Found in older desktops and towers.
Used in ATX and NLX cases and with ATX and NLX system
ATX
y
boards. Dimensions are 150 x 140 x 86 mm. Found in
desktops and towers.
Some computer manufacturers use system board form
factors that do not conform to standards such as ATX, NLX,
Proprietary and BTX. It's likely that these proprietary system boards will
require nonstandard power supply form factors as well,
although it is possible that an ATX power supply might be
able to be used.
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Each component in a personal computer has different power
Power Requirements
requirements.
ISA bus: 5 V, 12.1 W
PCI bus: 3.3 or 5 V, 56.1 W
AGP bus: 3.3 or 5 V, 25, 50, or 100 W
PCI card: 3.3 or 5 V, 5 W
AGP card: 3.3 or 5 V, 20 to 30 W
SCSI PCI card: 3.3 or 5 V, 20 to 25 W
Floppy drive: 5 V, 5 W
RAM: 10 W per 128 MB of RAM
SIMMs: 5 V
DIMMs: 3.3 V
7200 RPM hard drive: 5 V for logic, 12 V for motor, 5 to 15 W
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CPU Voltage requirements:
Power Requirements (Contd.)
1 GHz Pentium III CPU: 3.3 V, 34 W
1.7 GHz Pentium 4 CPU: 3.3 V, 65 W
300 MHz Celeron CPU: 3.3 V, 18 W
600 MHz AMD Athlon CPU: 3.3 V, 45 W
1.4 GHz AMD Athlon CPU: 3.3 V, 70 W
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Consider the following before installing power supplies:
Power Supply Safety Recommendations and Selection Tips
Check for UL certification.
Replace instead of repairing.
Keep the computer case closed during normal operation.
Protect the power supply.
The following criteria you should consider when selecting a
power supply for a computer:
Power supply rating
Form factor
Cooling
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Activity 5-3
Activity on Replacing a
Power Supply
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and Before installing and configuring memory modules, you
Install Configure Memory
need to understand the following:
Memory Form Factors and Slot Types
Types of Memory
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Factors and Slot Memory modules come in several form factors, such as:
Memory Form Types
SIMM
DIMM
RIMM
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There are several types of RAM, such as:
Memory Types
SRAM
DRAM
DRDRAM
SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM
SAM
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Consider the following before purchasing RAM for a
Memory Selection Tips
computer:
Size
Speed
System board configuration
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Activity 5-5
Activity on Adding RAM
to a Computer
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and Before installing and configuring CPUs, you need to
Install Configure CPUs
understand the following:
CPU Chip Types
Instruction Sets
Cache memory
CPU Operational Characteristics
Processor Connections
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Chip CPU chips are developed by several different
CPU Types
manufacturers, such as:
Intel
AMD
Cyrix
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An instruction set is the collection of commands that is
Instruction Sets
used by a CPU to perform calculations and other computing
operations.
The following are the three categories of instruction sets
used by manufacturers:
CISC
RISC
EPIC
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Cache memory, or CPU cache, is a type of memory that
Cache Memory
services the CPU.
L1 cache (built into chip)
RAM (Main memory)
Local bus
L2 cache (SRAM
memory Local bus
bank)
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The following characteristics and technologies can affect a
CPU Operational Characteristics
CPU’s performance:
Bus width
Clock speed
Overclocking
CPU speed
Throttling
Hyperthreading
Dual core
Cache
Voltage Regulator Mode (VRM)
Multimedia Extensions (MMX)
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Different CPUs use different connection methods to connect
Processor Connections
to the system board, including various sockets, slots, and
connection methods.
Slot-based processors plug into a system board in much the
same way as an expansion board.
Socketed processors plug into a system board using a grid
array of pins.
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Consider the following before purchasing a CPU for a
CPU Selection Tips
computer:
System board type
Budgetary constraints
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Considerations
Consider the following when installing a CPU in a computer:
CPU Installation Power requirements
Proper removal and installation
Heat sink and fan
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Requirements
Consider the following when configuring and optimizing a
CPU Configuration and Optimization CPU after installation on a computer:
Voltage settings on older systems
Jumpers
CMOS Setup
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 34 of 47
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Activity 5-6
Activity on Upgrading
the CPU
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 35 of 47
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Install and Configure Before installing and configuring system boards, you need
System Boards
to understand the following:
Integrated I/O Port Types
Chipsets
BIOS types
CMOS settings
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 36 of 47
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I/O Port System boards can include any or all of a number of
Integrated Types
integrated controllers or ports:
Sound
Video
Network
Modem
USB
Serial
FireWire
Parallel
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A chipset is a system board component that includes the
Chipsets
CPU and other chips that support basic functions of the
computer.
The two main chips in the chipset are:
Northbridge
Southbridge
Chipset
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System BIOS types include:
BIOS Types
American Megatrends
Award BIOS
Phoenix BIOS
IBM SurePath BIOS
Microid Research
BootControl Pro
MicroFirmware
SystemSoft
Unicore
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 39 of 47
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Oxide You can configure the following settings from the keyboard
Complementary Metal Semiconductor (CMOS) Memory Settings
by using the CMOS Setup program:
System date and time
Password
Boot sequence
Memory
Floppy drive
Display
Parallel ports
Serial/COM ports
Power management
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 40 of 47
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Consider the following before you choose a motherboard for
System Board Selection Tips
a computer:
RAM
CPU
Ports
Expansion slots
Drive interfaces
Form factor
Clock speed
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 41 of 47
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Considerations
Consider the following before you install or replace a
System Board Installation motherboard for a computer:
Computer case
Connectors to fasten system board to computer case
Close cover properly
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 42 of 47
Full-size
tower
Mid-size
tower
Micro-size
tower
Desktop
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Consider the following after you install the motherboard on a
System Board Configuration and Optimization Requirements
computer:
Match CPU frequency
DIP switches and jumpers
CMOS Setup Open, or Off
Closed, or On
Switch or switch block
Closed=on
Open=off
Jumper block
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 43 of 47
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Board The power supply connection to the system board is a
System Power Supply Connectors
keyed or unkeyed connection.
Notch for keyed connector
A single keyed connector
P8
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 44 of 47
P9
A pair of connectors
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Activity 5-7
Activity on Upgrading
the System Board
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
You need to consider various factors while installing and
configuring the different types of storage devices so that you
can provide the users with the optimized data storage
capabilities.
You need to provide adequate power supply to the system so
as to prevent system power problems and keep the number of
support calls down.
You can also enhance the computer performance by
upgrading the memory of your system and this is the most
frequent task that can be performed.
You can also enhance the performance of the computer by
installing a second processor or by upgrading an existing
processor.
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Summary (Contd.)
You must know the factors that should be considered for either
installing or configuring a new system board or for repairing an
existing system board as this is the most important system
component in a computer.
Ver. 1.0 Session 5 Slide 47 of 47

A+ Hardware configure display devices

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Install and configure display devices.
Install and configure input devices.
Install and configure adapter cards.
Install multimedia devices.
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Install and Configure Display Devices
In order to install and configure display devices, you would
need to:
Identify various types of display devices
Identify various display settings
Identify LCD characteristics
Identify different types of connectors
Configure the device driver
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Display Devices The following are some common display devices:
Types
CRT monitor
LCD monitor
Projection system
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The following are some display characteristics for each
Display Settings
video output device, which you can configure either through
a dialog box in Windows, or through controls on the physical
monitor.
Resolution
Refresh rate
Color depth/color quality
Brightness
Contrast
Image position
V-hold
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 4 of 35
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The following are some unique characteristics of LCD
LCD Characteristics
devices:
Screen type
Resolution
Contrast ratio
Backlighting
Pixelation
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 5 of 35
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The following are some of the connector types used by
Connector Types
display devices:
VGA
DVI
HDMi
Component/RGB S-Video Composite video
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A device driver is a type of software that enables the
Device Drivers
operating system and a peripheral device to communicate
with each other.
Generalized commands from the
system software or an application
Unique programming commands
that the device can understand
Personal computer Printer
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 7 of 35
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Display Selection Tips
CRT monitors offer more features and potentially better
Device resolution.
CRT monitors are also less expensive than flat-panel
monitors.
Many users simply prefer flat-panel monitors because they
take up less space.
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Considerations
When you’re ready to install a display device, keep the
Display Device Installation following considerations in mind:
Drivers
Digital Video Interfaces
Video Adapters
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Activity 4-1
Activity on Installing
Display Devices
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Activity 4-2
Activity on Configuring
Display Devices
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 11 of 35
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Standard Input The following are some common input devices which fall
Device Types
under mice and keyboards:
Ergonomic keyboard Standard keyboard Dvorak keyboard
Mouse Trackball Touch pad
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Biometrics is an automated method of recognizing a
Biometric Input Devices
person based on a physiological or behavioral
characteristic.
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The following are some specialized input devices that you
Specialized Input Devices
might encounter in your workplace:
Bar code readers
Touch screens
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For keyboards, consider ergonomics and additional
Input Device Selection Tips
features such as wireless connectivity.
For pointing devices, consider optical mice, wireless mice,
and user preference.
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Considerations
You should consider following factors before attempting to
Input Device Installation install input devices:
Drivers
Ports
Manufacturer’s instructions
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Activity 4-3
Activity on Installing Input
Devices
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Activity 4-4
Activity on Configuring
Input Devices
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System boards include several buses, or data paths, to
Internal Bus Architectures
transfer data to and from different computer components,
including all adapter cards. The various internal bus
architectures are:
8-bit (legacy)
ISA
EISA
MCA
VL-bus
PCI
AGP
PCI-E
AMR
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 19 of 35
CNR
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Card The following figure lists the various adapter card types:
Adapter Types
Adapter Card Type Description
A adapter Video adapters
video provides the interface necessary to connect a
monitor for visual output. Generally, these adapters connect to
the system board through PCI, AGP, or PCI-E slots.
adapters
Multimedia adapters provide the interfaces necessary to connect
Multimedia microphones, speakers, electronic musical devices, and some
gaming devices for audio input and output.
Input/output adapters Input/output adapters provide the interfaces necessary to connect
SCSI, serial, USB, and parallel devices for data input and output.
Network adapters Network adapters provide the interface necessary for network
communications.
Modem adapters Modem adapters provide the interface necessary for remote
communications over phone or data lines.
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Card Verify that its bus type is compatible with the computer.
Adapter Selection Tips
Make sure that the adapter card’s drivers are compatible
with the computer’s operating system.
Use PnP to automatically configure the card’s hardware
resources, but make sure that the computer’s BIOS and
operating system supports PnP.
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 21 of 35
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Considerations
You should consider the following before installing adapter
Adapter Card Installation cards.
Available slot
Latest drivers
Unplug the computer and discharge electricity
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 22 of 35
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and Requirements
Some of the requirements while configuring adapter card
Adapter Card Configuration Optimization are:
Plug and Play support in the system should automatically
detect the adapter card
If, not get the driver for the adapter card from the manufacturer
Use Add Hardware Wizard to manually select the adapter card
from the device list
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 23 of 35
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Hardware The following are the various categories of hardware
Resources
resources:
Interrupt Request (IRQ) lines
I/O address
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Base memory address
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Activity 4-5
Activity on Identifying
System Parameters
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Activity 4-6
Activity on Installing
Adapter Cards
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 26 of 35
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Multimedia A multimedia device is a computer peripheral or internal
Devices
component that transfers sound or images to or from a
personal computer.
MIDI instruments can be
connected to each other
with MIDI connectors
Speakers and
headphones
connect to the
MIDI cables or to the
computer through a device
that connects to a
computer port
line out port
Joystick
port
connections
MIDI
connections
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 27 of 35
A microphone
connects to the MIC
port
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Multimedia Devices (Contd.)
Game controller connects to
the game port 1/8” jack connects to the
line in port
Cable with 1/8” jacks
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Multimedia Devices
Some of the common multimedia devices are:
Common Digital cameras
Webcams
Video-conferencing systems
MIDI devices
Microphones
Speakers
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Multimedia Digital Camera: What type of output does the user need
Device Selection Tips
from the camera?
Sound Cards: Responsible for translating digital music into
analog signals.
Microphones: Use microphones to complete tasks such as
making phone calls via the internet and to dictate to the
computer using voice recognition software.
Speakers: If users plan to listen to music or play games on a
computer, it's important to help them select higher-quality
speakers.
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Considerations
Some of the considerations that need to be taken while
Multimedia Device Installation installing multimedia devices are:
Is there a slot available on the motherboard for installing a
sound card?
Are the appropriate device drivers available for the
computers operating system?
Are the necessary cables to connect multimedia devices
available?
Do you have a memory card reader available?
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The following can be configured using the Device Manager
Multimedia Device Configuration and Optimization Requirements
for multimedia devices:
Enabling and disabling audio features
Updating drivers
Specifying hardware
resources
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Activity 4-7
Activity on Installing
Multimedia Devices
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The prerequisites for installing and configuring the display
devices are:
Identification of various types of display devices
Identification of various display settings
Identification of LCD characteristics
Identification of different types of connectors
Configuring the device driver
The prerequisites for installing different input devices are:
Drivers
Ports
Manufacturer’s instructions
The adapter cards are used to extend the capabilities of a
computer.
adapter adapter adapter
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 34 of 35
Video adapter, multimedia adapter, Input/output adapter,
network adapter and modem adapter as some of the types of
adapter cards.
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Summary (Contd.)
A multimedia device is a computer peripheral or internal
component that transfers sound or images to or from a
personal computer.
Some of the common multimedia devices are:
Digital cameras
Webcams
Video-conferencing systems
MIDI devices
Microphones
Speakers
Ver. 1.0 Session 4 Slide 35 of 35

A+ Hardware and Software tools

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Identify common hardware and software tools used by
professional personal computer technicians.
Identify the best practices for PC technicians to follow to
promote electrical safety.
Identify the best practices for PC technicians to follow to
promote environmental safety and proper handling of
materials.
Identify and apply the general preventative maintenance best
practices that PC technicians should employ.
Identify the general diagnostics and troubleshooting best
practices that PC technicians should employ.
Identify best practices for PC technicians to use to
communicate appropriately with clients and colleagues and
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 1 of 38
conduct business in a professional manner.
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The common hardware and software tools used by
Tools of the Trade
professional personal computer technicians are:
Multimeters
Loopback plugs
Hardware toolkit
Software diagnostic tools
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A multimeter is an electronic instrument used to measure
Multimeters
voltage, current, and resistance.
Digital multimeter Analog multimeter
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A loopback plug is a special connector used for diagnosing
Loopback Plugs
transmission problems that redirects electrical signals back
to the transmitting system.
Crosses over transmit/receive lines
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The different types of hardware toolkits that are commonly
Types of Hardware Toolkits
used in PC maintenance and repair are:
Basic
Network
Circuit board
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A software diagnostic tool or utility is a computer repair
Software Diagnostic Tools
tool that contains software routines that test hardware and
software components for problems.
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Firmware is software stored in memory chips that retains
Firmware
data whether or not power to the computer is on.
Contains code to
}/* Startup sequence */
Internet
if
((usd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_
UDP))==-1)
{perror
("socket");exit(1);}
setup_receive(usd, INADDR_ANY,
Co ta s fix errors or
support new
hardware
Firmware_update.exe
udp_local_port);
setup_transmit(usd, hostname,
NTP_PORT);
primary_loop(usd, probe_count,
cycle_time);
close(usd);
Firmware
manufacturer
return 0;
}
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 7 of 38
Programmable ROM chip
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A Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is a set of
The System BIOS
instructions that is stored in Read Only Memory and that is
used to start the most basic services of a computer system.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 8 of 38
ROM BIOS chip
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Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor RAM
CMOS RAM
(CMOS RAM) is special memory that has its own battery to
help it keep track of its data even when the power is turned
off.
CMOS RAM chip
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 9 of 38
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Power-POST is a built-in diagnostic program that is run every time
The Power On Self Test (POST)
a personal computer starts up.
The following hardware components are checked during
POST:
Power supply
CPU
BIOS
CMOS RAM
Memory
I/O bus or I/O controller
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 10 of 38
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HDD manufacturers provide a diagnostic tool that enables a
Hard Drive Self Tests
hard disk drive to test itself when the computer starts.
HDD self test can be:
Built into drive’s firmware
Separate utility available for download from the drive
manufacturer’s website
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 11 of 38
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Software diagnostics tests assist you in detecting, repairing,
Software Diagnostic Tests
and preventing hardware and software problems.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 12 of 38
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The most common electrical states and electrical hazards
Electrical Safety
which PC technicians face are:
Static Electricity
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Electrical Hazards
Electrocution
Electric shock
Burns
Collateral injuries
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 13 of 38
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Static electricity is a build-up of a stationary electrical charge
Static Electricity
on an object.
Object 1 Object 2
Object Object 1
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 14 of 38
2
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs when electrons rush
Electrostatic Discharge
from one body with a static electrical charge to another with
an unequal charge.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 15 of 38
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You can protect against ESD in your work environment by:
ESD Prevention Techniques
Eliminating unnecessary activities that create static charges.
Removing unnecessary materials that are known charge
generators.
Using anti-static vacuums for cleaning computer components.
Using anti-static materials.
Grounding conductive materials.
Using anti-static bags to store computer components.
Using an air ionizer, which releases negative ions into the air.
Humidifying the air to speed up static discharge from
insulators.
Grounding yourself before touching electronic equipment.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 16 of 38
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An ESD-protection equipment includes:
An ESD Toolkit
Wrist or ankle strap
Grounded floor mat or grounded work-surface mat
Anti-static bags
ESD smock
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 17 of 38
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The following are some potential electrical hazards you
Electrical Hazards
should be aware of when servicing a PC:
Electrocution (fatal)
Electric shock
Burns
Collateral injuries
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 18 of 38
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Handling
Some potential environmental hazards you might face as a
Environmental Safety and Materials PC technician are:
Atmospheric Hazards
Situational Hazards
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Liquid Hazards
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 19 of 38
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To minimize the physical hazards associated with computing
Safety Precautions for Physical Hazards
environments, you should understand the following
recommendations:
Use cord protectors to prevent tripping
Laser
Never point a laser beam in someone’s eyes.
Never look directly at a laser beam.
Never disable safety mechanisms when servicing a device with
an embedded lasers.
RSI
Rest
Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 20 of 38
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Hazards (Contd..)
Eyestrain
Safety Precautions for Physical Special glasses
Artificial tears
Noise
Keep printers separate
Noise reduction hoods
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 21 of 38
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To minimize the chemical hazards associated with
Chemical Hazards
computing environments, you should understand the
following recommendations:
If you spill laser printer toner avoid cleaning it up with regular
vacuum cleaner. Do not use warm water to wash toner off
from hands.
Thoroughly wash your hands after handling capacitors.
Handle batteries carefully as they contains dangerous
chemicals.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 22 of 38
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Hazardous liquids are used sometimes to clean or condition
Liquid Hazards
computing equipments. Always read the labels carefully and
follow instructions of using hazardous liquids.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 23 of 38
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The Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MSDS give users and emergency personnel information about
the proper procedures of storage and handling of a hazardous
substance.
MSDS includes the information about the following items:
Physical data
Toxicity
Health effects
First aid
Reactivity
Storage
Safe-handling and use precautions
Disposal
Protective equipment
Spill/leak Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 24 of 38
procedures
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Incident Reports
An incident report is a record of any instance where a person
is injured or computer equipment is damaged due to
environmental issues.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 25 of 38
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Material Disposal Proper disposal of hazardous materials is an essential part
Hazardous Procedures
of maintaining a safe work environment.
Display devices, Liquid cleaners and empty containers
Follow your company’s guidelines for disposing of CRT tubes
and liquid cleaning materials & containers.
Toner
Empty toner cartridges should not be tossed into the trash
because of the damage the residual chemicals can do to the
environment.
Ozone filter
Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for replacement and
disposal of a laser printer’s ozone filter.
Batteries
Used batteries should not be tossed into the trash, but should be
company’s guidelines
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 26 of 38
disposed of following your company s guidelines.
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Maintenance
Some general considerations for preventive maintenance
Perform Preventative that apply to virtually all components are:
Visual/audio inspection
Driver/firmware updates
Scheduling preventative maintenance
Using appropriate repair tools and cleaning materials
Ensuring proper environment
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 27 of 38
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The following are some preventative maintenance
Computer Component Maintenance Techniques
techniques you can use to maintain personal computer
components:
Use a power strip, surge protector, or Uninterruptible Power
Supply (UPS)
Clean peripheral components
Clean internal system components
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 28 of 38
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Cleaning Compounds and Materials
The following are the cleaning materials for computers:
Monitor and keyboard wipes
Lint-free cloths
Rubbing alcohol
Household cleaners
Cotton swabs
Window cleaners
Toothpicks
Artist’s paint brush
Compressed air
Computer vacuum
Toner cloth
Mask
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 29 of 38
Latex gloves
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Activity 3-4
Activity on Performing
Preventative Maintenance
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Activity 3-5
Activity on Using a UPS
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 31 of 38
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Troubleshooting Theory
The following are the general factors that will apply in any
troubleshooting situation:
Backups
Assessment
Simple solutions
Research
Documentation
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 32 of 38
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The Troubleshooting Process
The troubleshooting process moves through the following
logical stages:
Identify the problem.
Analyze the problem, including potential causes (hardware,
software, or both).
Test related components to solve the problem or identify a
likely solution.
Implement the identified solution.
Evaluate results.
Document activities and outcomes.
Verify user satisfaction.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 33 of 38
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Using the proper communication skills when dealing with
Communication Skills
clients and colleagues provides professional environment
that is conducive to solving the problem at hand.
Verbal communication includes:
Use test and discretion in communication
Use clear, concise, and direct statements
Avoid using jargons
Use timing to set the pace of conversation
Non-verbal communication includes:
Use proper body language
Use the proper level of eye contact
Use facial expressions to reinforce the spoken message
Be aware of physical positioning and gesture
Be aware of the effect of tone and voice
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 34 of 38
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Communication Skills (Contd.)
Listening skill includes:
Listen to the user
Allow the user to complete statments
Employ passive listening techniques
Employ active listening techniques
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Professional Acting in a professional manner when dealing with
Conduct
colleagues and clients provides a work environment where
problems can be solved efficiently. The following
Appearance
Respect
Accountability
Confidentiality
Ethics
Honesty
Prioritizing
Verbal communication
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 36 of 38
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Summary
In this lesson, you learned that:
The common hardware and software tools used by
professional personal computer technicians are:
Multimeters
A loopback plug
Hardware toolkit
Software diagnostic tools
The most common electrical states and electrical hazards
which PC technicians face are:
Static Electricity
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Electrical Hazards
Electrocution
Electric shock
Burns
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 37 of 38
Collateral injuries
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Summary (Contd.)
Some potential environmental hazards you might face as a
PC technician are:
Atmospheric Hazards
Situational Hazards
Physical Hazards
Chemical and Liquid Hazards
Using the proper communication skills when dealing with clients
and colleagues.
Acting in a professional manner when dealing with colleagues and
clients.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 38 of 38

A+ Hardware Windows Operating System

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Identify the major personal computer operating systems.
Identify the primary components of the Windows user interface.
Identify the primary tools and functions used in Windows file
system management.
Identify Windows system management tools.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 1 of 41
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The commonly used operating system on a personal
Personal Computer Operating Systems
computer are:
Microsoft Windows
Unix
Linux
Apple Macintosh Operating Systems
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 2 of 41
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Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows:
Is the most popular desktop and server OS
Provides graphical user interface (GUI)
Supports wide range of application and devices
Requires a minimum 32-bit memory for processing
Provides native networking support
Supports a large suite of built-in applications and accessories
Often comes preinstalled on many PCs sold commercially
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 3 of 41
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Microsoft Windows comes in several different versions, such
Microsoft Windows Versions
as:
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Windows Server 2003
Windows 2000
Windows 9x and Me
Windows NT
Older Windows Desktop Operating System
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 4 of 41
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Unix
UNIX:
Systems share a kernel/shell architecture
Is portable to different hardware platforms
Incorporates built-in multitasking, multiuser, built-in networking,
and a robust development platform
User session
Shell
Shell
Shell
User session
Kernel
Shell
Shell
Shell
CPU
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 5 of 41
User session
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Linux
Linux:
Is an Open-standard UNIX derivative,
developed by Linus Torvalds
Incorporates built-in multitasking,
multiuser, built-networking, Kernel and shell built in and a robust
development platform
Code is open. It can be downloaded,
modified, and installed freely
Applications
Utilities
Installation media
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 6 of 41
Vendor support
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Apple Macintosh Operating Systems
Mac OS® X features:
Multiple user support
Integrated Mac, Windows, and UNIX server, file, and printer
browsing in the Finder
Safari™ Web browser
Native TCP/IP networking
Many file- and network-level security features
Wide hardware device support with a unique Macintosh
computer system design
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 7 of 41
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Interface Components
The primary components of the Windows user interface are:
Windows User Windows Desktop
Taskbar
Start Menu
Windows Explorer
My Computer
My Documents Folder
Control Panel
Command Prompt
My Network Places
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 8 of 41
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The Windows desktop is a general term for the overall
The Windows Desktop
contents of the computer screen that displays whenever
Windows is running.
Background
graphics
Desktop
icons
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 9 of 41
Taskbar
Start
button
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The Taskbar
The Taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen.
Quick Launch Notification area
Start button Buttons for open
programs
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 10 of 41
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The Start Menu is the main entry point into the Windows
The Start Menu
y p
user interface. You can access programs, tools, and
documents by choosing them directly from the Start menu
or from one of its sub-menus.
Current user
Programs, tools
and documents
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 11 of 41
Start button opens menu
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Activity 2-2
Activity on Examining the
Taskbar and Start Menu
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 12 of 41
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Windows Explorer is a graphical tool that enables users to
fil d f ld t
Windows Explorer
manage files and folders on a computer.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 13 of 41
Explorer bar Contents of selected item
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My Computer is used to manage files and folders on a
t d t d i tt hdt th
My Computer
computer and on any storage devices attached to the
computer. It has a single pane view of Windows explorer,
which has an additional task pane.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 14 of 41
Task pane Folders and storage devices
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Each user on a Windows system has a personal folder
The My Documents Folder
named My Documents for storing the user’s individual files.
Personal folder
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 15 of 41
Each user’s personal files
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Activity 2-3
Activity on Examining
Folder Management Tools
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 16 of 41
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The Control Panel is a graphical interface that provides
The Control Panel
access to a number of utilities that you can use to configure
the Windows operating system or the computer’s hardware.
Graphical interface
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 17 of 41
Configuration
utilities
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Activity 2-4
Activity on Exploring the
Control Panel
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 18 of 41
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The Command Prompt enables you to enter text-based
The Command Prompt
commands or run command-line tools.
Text-based
commands
Text input
Text output
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 19 of 41
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Activity 2-5
Activity on Running the
Command Prompt
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 20 of 41
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My Network Places is a view of My Computer that enables
My Network Places
you to connect to other computers and to manage files and
folders elsewhere on the network.
Network resources
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 21 of 41
Network-related tasks My Computer view
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Activity 2-6
Activity on Exploring
My Network Places
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 22 of 41
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File The primary tools and functions used in Windows file
Windows System Management
system management are:
Directories and Folders
File Extensions
File Attributes
File Systems
Shared Resources
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 23 of 41
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Directory and folder are interchangeable terms for a
Directories and Folders
component in a file system hierarchy that provides a
container to organize files and other folders.
Folder
hierarchy
Directory (folder)
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 24 of 41
Organizes files and folders
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Standard file extensions following the names of files can
File Extensions
indicate whether a particular file is a system, program, or
data file.
Indicates function of file Indicates function of file
Separated by period Three characters
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Activity 2-7
Activity on Viewing File
Extensions
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There are several standard attributes you can set or clear
File Attributes
on files and folders on Windows systems. They are:
Archive
Hidden
Read-only
System
Index (Windows only)
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Activity 2-8
Activity on Exploring File
Attributes
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 28 of 41
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File Windows supports several different file systems. They are:
Windows Systems
FAT / FAT32
Legacy file systems
Support dual-boot to DOS
FAT: floppy disks, very small drives
FAT32: enhanced for larger drives
No security, encryption, compression
NTFS
FAT/FAT32
Permissions
Encryption
Compression
NTFS
Large files and drives
Media file systems
For other media
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 29 of 41
Media File Systems
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Permissions are security settings that control access to
Permissions
individual objects, such as files.
Administrators: Full access
User01: Read-only access
Marketing
d t
Contractors: No access
documents
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 30 of 41
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There are five standard NTFS permissions you can assign
NTFS File Permissions
to files. They are:
Read
Write
Read & Execute
Modify
Full Control
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 31 of 41
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There are six standard NTFS permissions you can assign to
NTFS Folder Permissions
files. They are:
List Folder Contents
Read
Write
Read & Execute
Modify
Full Control
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 32 of 41
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A share is any network resource that is available to other
Shares
computer users on the network. Typical shares include
folders, printers, and drives.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 33 of 41
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You can set three different levels of permissions on shared
Shared Folder Permissions
folders.
Permission Description
Read
•View file and subfolder names, contents, attributes
•Run program files
•Granted to Everyone by default
P f llR d i i t k
Change
•Perform all Read permission tasks
•Add, change, delete files and folders
Full Control
•Perform all Read and Change permission tasks
•Change permissions
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 34 of 41
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Activity 2-9
Activity on Exploring
NTFS Permissions
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 35 of 41
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Some of the important Windows system management tools
Windows System Management Tools
are:
The Computer Management Console
The Registry
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 36 of 41
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Computer Management is the primary administrative tool
The Computer Management Console
you will use to manage and configure a Windows XP
computer. Single console
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 37 of 41
Hierarchical view of utilities Contents of selected node
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Activity 2-10
Activity on Examining
Computer Management
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 38 of 41
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The registry is the central configuration database where
The Registry
Windows stores and retrieves startup settings, hardware
and software configuration information, and information for
local user accounts.
Subtrees
Keys
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 39 of 41
Value
entries
Value data
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Activity 2-11
Activity on Examining the
Structure of the Registry
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 40 of 41
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The commonly used operating system on a personal computer
are Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, and Apple Macintosh
Operating Systems.
The primary components of the Windows user interface are
Windows desktop, taskbar, start menu, Windows explorer, My
Computer, My Documents folder, control panel, command
Prompt, and My Network Places.
The primary tools and functions used in Windows file system
management are directories and folders, file extensions, file
attributes, file systems, and shared resources.
Some of the important Windows system management tools
are computer management console and registry.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 41 of 41

A+ Hardware Chaptor1

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Identify the major components of personal computers.
Identify the major components of the system unit.
Identify the various types of storage devices used in personal
computers.
Identify personal computer connection methods.
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Personal There are four primary categories of components in a typical
Categories of Computer Components
personal computer:
System unit
Display device
Input devices
External devices
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 2 of 36
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A Typical Personal Computer
The following figure shows a typical personal computer:
System unit Display device
External device External device
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 3 of 36
Input devices
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A system unit is a personal computer component that
houses other devices necessary for the computer to
f ti
The System Unit
function.
Power Supply Disk drives
Cooling device
Microprocessor
(under cooling device)
Ports
Adapter Card
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 4 of 36
Memory chips Chassis
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A display device is a personal computer component that
Display Device
enables users to view the text and graphical data associated
with a computer program.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 5 of 36
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An input device is a personal computer component that
Input Devices
enables users to enter data or instructions into a computer.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 6 of 36
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There are several categories of external devices:
External Devices
Microphone
Digital camera
Scanner
Speakers
Printer
Network device
External drive
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 7 of 36
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Unit Components
The system unit itself has several important sub-
System components, such as:
System Board
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
System Bus
Storage devices
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 8 of 36
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The system board is the personal computer component
that acts as the backbone for the entire computer system.
The System Board
AGP slot Ports
Expansion slots CPU
RAM slots
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 9 of 36
Drive interfaces
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The central processing unit (CPU), sometimes called
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
microprocessor or just processor, is the real brains of the
computer and is where most of the calculations take place.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 10 of 36
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Memory is the personal computer component that
Memory
comprises the electronic storage areas in the computer. It
can be considered either volatile or non-volatile.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 11 of 36
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The system bus is the main communication path between
The System Bus
the CPU and memory.
CPU
System Bus
Hard Drive
Controller
Video
Controller Memory
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 12 of 36
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A storage device is a system unit component, such as a
Storage Devices
hard drive, that enables users to save data for reuse at a
later time, even after the personal computer is shut down
and restarted.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 13 of 36
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A power supply is an internal computer component that
converts AC power from an electrical outlet to the DC power
needed by components
Power Supplies
system components. Fan
Power switch
Voltage switch
Socket for power cord
External view
Wires from the power supply
to the system board and drives
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 14 of 36
Internal view
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Computer systems contain several components that require
Cooling Systems
cooling:
The computer case
The CPU
The power supply
Some adapter cards
Some hard disk drives
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 15 of 36
Fan Heat sink
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An adapter card is a printed circuit board that you install
Adapter Cards
into a slot on the computer’s system board to expand the
functionality of the computer.
Circuitry
Phone line connection
Circuit to connect to
phone line
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 16 of 36
PCI bus
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A riser card is a board that plugs in to the system board
Riser Cards
and provides additional slots for adapter cards..
REAR
PCI/ISA slots on riser
Memory slots
Peripheral
connectors
CPU
FRONT
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 17 of 36
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The form factor describes the size and shape of the system
System Board Form Factors
board.
Common System Boards are:
Full size AT
Baby AT
ATX
microATX
LPX
NLX
BTX
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 18 of 36
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The various types of storage devices used in personal
Storage Devices
computers are:
Floppy Disk Drives (FDD)
Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
Optical Drives
Tape Drives
Solid State Storage devices
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 19 of 36
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FDD)
FDD is a personal computer storage device that reads data
Floppy Disk Drives (from, and writes data to, removable disks made of flexible
Mylar plastic covered with a magnetic coating and enclosed
in a stiff, protective, plastic case.
Front view 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
3.5-inch floppy disk
Data cable Power cable
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 20 of 36
Rear view of floppy disk drive
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HDD)
HDD is a personal computer storage device that uses fixed
Hard Disk Drives (media, which means that the disk is built into the drive and
the drives are not removed from the computer unless you
are performing an upgrade or a repair.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 21 of 36
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An optical disk is a personal computer storage device that
Optical Disks
stores data optically, rather than magnetically.
A CD R di
An external DVD drive
CD-disc
An internal CD-ROM drive
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 22 of 36
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Optical disks and drives come in several types, such as:
Types of Optical Disks and Drives
CD-ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD-R
DVD+R
DVD+R DL
DVD-RW
DVD+RW
DVD-RAM
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 23 of 36
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A tape drive is a personal computer storage device that
Tape Drives
stores data magnetically on a removable tape that is
enclosed in a tape cartridge.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 24 of 36
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Solid state storage is a personal computer storage device
Solid State Storage
that stores data in special types of memory instead of on
disks or tape.
CompactFlash
card fits in here
36mm
43mm
USB adapter connects the
CompactFlash reader to the computer
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 25 of 36
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The various PC connection methods are:
Personal Computer Connection Methods
Ports
Personal Computer Connections
Serial Connections
Parallel Connections
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Connections
IEEE 1394 and FireWire Connections
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections
Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections
Serial ATA (SATA) Connections
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 26 of 36
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A port is a hardware connection interface on a personal
Ports
computer that enables devices to be connected to the
computer.
6-pin round 25-pin D-shaped
connector
p p
connector
15-pin D-shaped
connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 27 of 36
Enable devices to be connected to a personal computer.
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A personal computer connection is a means by which a
Personal Computer Connection
personal computer component is attached to other
components to provide computing capabilities.
USB Connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 28 of 36
Cable
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A serial connection is a personal computer connection that
Serial Connections
transfers data one bit at a time over a single wire.
25-pin serial port
on a serial device
25-pin end of serial cable connects
to modem and 9-pin end
connects to computer’s serial port
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 29 of 36
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A parallel connection is a personal computer connection
Parallel Connections
that transfers data eight bits at a time over eight wires and is
typically used to connect a printer to a system unit.
Parallel connector
Parallel cable
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 30 of 36
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A USB connection is a personal computer connection that
USB Connections
enables you to connect multiple peripherals to a single port
with high performance and minimal device configuration.
Type B connector
connects to USB device
Type A connector connects to
USB port on the computer
or on a hub
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 31 of 36
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FireWire A FireWire connection is a personal computer connection
IEEE 1394 and Connections
that provides a high-speed interface for peripheral devices
that are designed to use the IEEE 1394 standard.
FireWire device
FireWire port
FireWire 6-pin
connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 32 of 36
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A SCSI connection is a personal computer connection that
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections
connects internal and external components to the system
unit and provides for high-speed data transfer.
SCSI connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 33 of 36
SCSI cable
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Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections
A PATA connection is a personal computer connection that
provides a parallel data channel from a disk controller to the
disk drives.
PATA connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 34 of 36
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ATA (A SATA connection is a personal computer connection that
Serial SATA) Connections
provides a serial data channel between the drive controller
and the disk drives.
SATA power cables
SATA data cable
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 35 of 36
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The four primary components of a typical personal computer
are system unit, display device, input devices, and external
devices.
The major components of the system unit are system board,
CPU, memory, system bus, and storage devices.
The various types of storage devices used in personal
computers are FDD, HDD, optical drives, tape drives, and
solid state storage devices.
The various PC connection methods are ports, PC
connections, serial connections, parallel connections, USB
connections, IEEE 1394 and FireWire connections, SCSI
connections, PATA connections, and SATA connections.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 36 of 36

A+ Hardware Certificaton

CompTIA A+ Certification: A Comprehensive Approach
for all 2006 Exam Objectives
Introduction to the A+
Course
Ver. 1.0 Introduction Slide 1 of 5
CompTIA A+ Certification: A Comprehensive Approach
for all 2006 Exam Objectives
The course will build on your existing user-level knowledge
Course Rationale
and experience with personal computer software and
hardware to present fundamental skills and concepts that
you will use on the job.
In this course, you will acquire the essential skills and
information you will need to install, upgrade, repair,
configure, troubleshoot, optimize, and perform preventative
maintenance of basic personal computer hardware and
operating systems.
Ver. 1.0 Introduction Slide 2 of 5
CompTIA A+ Certification: A Comprehensive Approach
for all 2006 Exam Objectives
- This course will:
CompTIA A+ Certification Exit Profile
Help acquires the essential skills and information needed to
install, upgrade, repair, configure, troubleshoot, optimize, and
perform preventative maintenance of basic personal computer
hardware and operating systems.
Assist you in preparing to take the CompTIA A+ certification
examinations.
Ver. 1.0 Introduction Slide 3 of 5
CompTIA A+ Certification: A Comprehensive Approach
for all 2006 Exam Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
Course Objectives
Identify the components of standard desktop personal
computers.
Identify fundamental components and functions of personal
computer operating systems.
Identify best practices followed by professional personal
computer technicians.
Install and configure computer components.
Install and configure system components.
Maintain and troubleshoot peripheral components.
Troubleshoot system components.
Install and configure operating systems.
Maintain and troubleshoot installations of Microsoft Windows.
Ver. 1.0 Introduction Slide 4 of 5
CompTIA A+ Certification: A Comprehensive Approach
for all 2006 Exam Objectives
Identify network technologies.
Course Objectives (Contd.)
Install and manage network connections.
Support laptops and portable computing devices.
Support printers and scanners.
Identify personal computer security concepts.
Support personal computer security.