A+ Hardware Chaptor1

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Identify the major components of personal computers.
Identify the major components of the system unit.
Identify the various types of storage devices used in personal
computers.
Identify personal computer connection methods.
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Personal There are four primary categories of components in a typical
Categories of Computer Components
personal computer:
System unit
Display device
Input devices
External devices
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A Typical Personal Computer
The following figure shows a typical personal computer:
System unit Display device
External device External device
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 3 of 36
Input devices
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A system unit is a personal computer component that
houses other devices necessary for the computer to
f ti
The System Unit
function.
Power Supply Disk drives
Cooling device
Microprocessor
(under cooling device)
Ports
Adapter Card
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 4 of 36
Memory chips Chassis
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A display device is a personal computer component that
Display Device
enables users to view the text and graphical data associated
with a computer program.
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An input device is a personal computer component that
Input Devices
enables users to enter data or instructions into a computer.
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There are several categories of external devices:
External Devices
Microphone
Digital camera
Scanner
Speakers
Printer
Network device
External drive
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Unit Components
The system unit itself has several important sub-
System components, such as:
System Board
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
System Bus
Storage devices
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The system board is the personal computer component
that acts as the backbone for the entire computer system.
The System Board
AGP slot Ports
Expansion slots CPU
RAM slots
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 9 of 36
Drive interfaces
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The central processing unit (CPU), sometimes called
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
microprocessor or just processor, is the real brains of the
computer and is where most of the calculations take place.
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Memory is the personal computer component that
Memory
comprises the electronic storage areas in the computer. It
can be considered either volatile or non-volatile.
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The system bus is the main communication path between
The System Bus
the CPU and memory.
CPU
System Bus
Hard Drive
Controller
Video
Controller Memory
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A storage device is a system unit component, such as a
Storage Devices
hard drive, that enables users to save data for reuse at a
later time, even after the personal computer is shut down
and restarted.
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A power supply is an internal computer component that
converts AC power from an electrical outlet to the DC power
needed by components
Power Supplies
system components. Fan
Power switch
Voltage switch
Socket for power cord
External view
Wires from the power supply
to the system board and drives
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 14 of 36
Internal view
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Computer systems contain several components that require
Cooling Systems
cooling:
The computer case
The CPU
The power supply
Some adapter cards
Some hard disk drives
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Fan Heat sink
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An adapter card is a printed circuit board that you install
Adapter Cards
into a slot on the computer’s system board to expand the
functionality of the computer.
Circuitry
Phone line connection
Circuit to connect to
phone line
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PCI bus
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A riser card is a board that plugs in to the system board
Riser Cards
and provides additional slots for adapter cards..
REAR
PCI/ISA slots on riser
Memory slots
Peripheral
connectors
CPU
FRONT
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The form factor describes the size and shape of the system
System Board Form Factors
board.
Common System Boards are:
Full size AT
Baby AT
ATX
microATX
LPX
NLX
BTX
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The various types of storage devices used in personal
Storage Devices
computers are:
Floppy Disk Drives (FDD)
Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
Optical Drives
Tape Drives
Solid State Storage devices
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FDD)
FDD is a personal computer storage device that reads data
Floppy Disk Drives (from, and writes data to, removable disks made of flexible
Mylar plastic covered with a magnetic coating and enclosed
in a stiff, protective, plastic case.
Front view 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
3.5-inch floppy disk
Data cable Power cable
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 20 of 36
Rear view of floppy disk drive
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HDD)
HDD is a personal computer storage device that uses fixed
Hard Disk Drives (media, which means that the disk is built into the drive and
the drives are not removed from the computer unless you
are performing an upgrade or a repair.
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An optical disk is a personal computer storage device that
Optical Disks
stores data optically, rather than magnetically.
A CD R di
An external DVD drive
CD-disc
An internal CD-ROM drive
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Optical disks and drives come in several types, such as:
Types of Optical Disks and Drives
CD-ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD-R
DVD+R
DVD+R DL
DVD-RW
DVD+RW
DVD-RAM
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A tape drive is a personal computer storage device that
Tape Drives
stores data magnetically on a removable tape that is
enclosed in a tape cartridge.
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Solid state storage is a personal computer storage device
Solid State Storage
that stores data in special types of memory instead of on
disks or tape.
CompactFlash
card fits in here
36mm
43mm
USB adapter connects the
CompactFlash reader to the computer
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The various PC connection methods are:
Personal Computer Connection Methods
Ports
Personal Computer Connections
Serial Connections
Parallel Connections
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Connections
IEEE 1394 and FireWire Connections
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections
Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections
Serial ATA (SATA) Connections
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A port is a hardware connection interface on a personal
Ports
computer that enables devices to be connected to the
computer.
6-pin round 25-pin D-shaped
connector
p p
connector
15-pin D-shaped
connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 27 of 36
Enable devices to be connected to a personal computer.
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A personal computer connection is a means by which a
Personal Computer Connection
personal computer component is attached to other
components to provide computing capabilities.
USB Connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 28 of 36
Cable
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A serial connection is a personal computer connection that
Serial Connections
transfers data one bit at a time over a single wire.
25-pin serial port
on a serial device
25-pin end of serial cable connects
to modem and 9-pin end
connects to computer’s serial port
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A parallel connection is a personal computer connection
Parallel Connections
that transfers data eight bits at a time over eight wires and is
typically used to connect a printer to a system unit.
Parallel connector
Parallel cable
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A USB connection is a personal computer connection that
USB Connections
enables you to connect multiple peripherals to a single port
with high performance and minimal device configuration.
Type B connector
connects to USB device
Type A connector connects to
USB port on the computer
or on a hub
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FireWire A FireWire connection is a personal computer connection
IEEE 1394 and Connections
that provides a high-speed interface for peripheral devices
that are designed to use the IEEE 1394 standard.
FireWire device
FireWire port
FireWire 6-pin
connector
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A SCSI connection is a personal computer connection that
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections
connects internal and external components to the system
unit and provides for high-speed data transfer.
SCSI connector
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 33 of 36
SCSI cable
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Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections
A PATA connection is a personal computer connection that
provides a parallel data channel from a disk controller to the
disk drives.
PATA connector
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ATA (A SATA connection is a personal computer connection that
Serial SATA) Connections
provides a serial data channel between the drive controller
and the disk drives.
SATA power cables
SATA data cable
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The four primary components of a typical personal computer
are system unit, display device, input devices, and external
devices.
The major components of the system unit are system board,
CPU, memory, system bus, and storage devices.
The various types of storage devices used in personal
computers are FDD, HDD, optical drives, tape drives, and
solid state storage devices.
The various PC connection methods are ports, PC
connections, serial connections, parallel connections, USB
connections, IEEE 1394 and FireWire connections, SCSI
connections, PATA connections, and SATA connections.
Ver. 1.0 Session 1 Slide 36 of 36