A+ Hardware configure storage devices

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Select, install, and configure storage devices.
Install and configure power supplies.
Install and configure memory.
Install and configure CPUs.
Install and configure system boards.
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Install and Configure Storage Before installing and configuring storage devices, you need
Devices
to understand the following:
Drive types
HDD, FDD, Tape, Optical, Solid State
Power connectors
Hot swapping
Drive images and Disk partitions
Windows Disk Management
Internal device installation considerations
Configuration and optimization requirements
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Disk Drive The various types of hard disk drives are:
Hard Types
Parallel ATA (also known as IDE, EIDE, and ATA)
SCSI
Serial ATA
Parallel ATA hard drive
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A floppy disk drive is a read/write drive that uses removable
Floppy Disk Drives
disks:
Front view 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
3.5-inch floppy disk
R i ffl dikdi
Data cable Power cable
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Rear view of floppy disk drive
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Tape drives come in several formats.
Tape Drive Formats
Quarter-inch cartridge (QIC)
4 mm Digital Audio Tape
8 mm tape (Exabyte)
Digital linear tape (DLT)
Linear Tape Open (LTO)
DAT tape
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Drive Optical drives include CD and DVD drives.
Optical Types
CD
Hold 650 MB to 1 GB
Minimum 150 KB/sec data transfer rate, multipliers up to 64X
CDFS or UDF file system
DVD
Hold 4.7 GB on one side, up to 9.4 GB if both surfaces are used
600 KB/sec to 1.3 MB/sec data transfer rate
UDF file system
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Storage Solid state storage comes in several formats.
Solid State Types
USB flash drives
Flash drives
CompactFlash cards
SmartMedia cards
xD-Picture Cards
Memory Sticks
Secure Digital (SD) cards
MultiMediaCards (MMC)
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Every internal storage devices uses one of several types of power
Storage Device Power Connectors
connectors to get electrical power from the computer’s power
supply.
Berg connector
Molex connector
SATA Power Connector
Berg connector
Molex connector
Serial ATA
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Hot swapping is a type of hardware replacement procedure where
Hot Swapping
a component can be replaced while the main power is still on.
Main power
remains on
Device is recognized
automatically
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Partitions A drive image is a computer file containing the complete contents
Drive Images and Disk Types
and structure of a data storage medium or device.
Contents of entire
hard drive
A disk partition is an isolated section of a disk that functions like a
separate physical drive.
There are several types of disk partitions.
Primary
Active
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Extended
Logical
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The Windows Disk Management utility enables you to create, view,
The Windows Disk Management Utility
and manage disks.
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Considerations
There are a number of factors you should keep in mind when
Internal Storage Device Installation attempting to install an internal storage device.
Placement
Air flow
Power
Device Drivers
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There are several configuration and optimization requirements you
Storage Device Configuration and Optimization Requirements
must review before installing a storage device.
External USB devices
Use USB 2.0 if possible
Internal PATA hard disk drives
Verify jumpers properly configured
SCSI devices
IDs and termination
Any storage device
CMOS setup for recognition
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Activity 5-2
Activity on Installing
Internal Storage Devices
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Install and Configure Before installing and configuring power supplies, you need
Power Supplies
to understand the following:
Power supply form factors
Voltage requirements
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Like system boards and other components, there are
Power Supply Form Factors
several form factors available for power supplies, such as:
Power Supply
Form Factor Description
AT
Used in AT form factor cases and with AT or Baby AT
system boards. Dimensions are 213 x 150 x 150 mm.
Found in older desktops and towers.
Used in ATX and NLX cases and with ATX and NLX system
ATX
y
boards. Dimensions are 150 x 140 x 86 mm. Found in
desktops and towers.
Some computer manufacturers use system board form
factors that do not conform to standards such as ATX, NLX,
Proprietary and BTX. It's likely that these proprietary system boards will
require nonstandard power supply form factors as well,
although it is possible that an ATX power supply might be
able to be used.
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Each component in a personal computer has different power
Power Requirements
requirements.
ISA bus: 5 V, 12.1 W
PCI bus: 3.3 or 5 V, 56.1 W
AGP bus: 3.3 or 5 V, 25, 50, or 100 W
PCI card: 3.3 or 5 V, 5 W
AGP card: 3.3 or 5 V, 20 to 30 W
SCSI PCI card: 3.3 or 5 V, 20 to 25 W
Floppy drive: 5 V, 5 W
RAM: 10 W per 128 MB of RAM
SIMMs: 5 V
DIMMs: 3.3 V
7200 RPM hard drive: 5 V for logic, 12 V for motor, 5 to 15 W
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CPU Voltage requirements:
Power Requirements (Contd.)
1 GHz Pentium III CPU: 3.3 V, 34 W
1.7 GHz Pentium 4 CPU: 3.3 V, 65 W
300 MHz Celeron CPU: 3.3 V, 18 W
600 MHz AMD Athlon CPU: 3.3 V, 45 W
1.4 GHz AMD Athlon CPU: 3.3 V, 70 W
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Consider the following before installing power supplies:
Power Supply Safety Recommendations and Selection Tips
Check for UL certification.
Replace instead of repairing.
Keep the computer case closed during normal operation.
Protect the power supply.
The following criteria you should consider when selecting a
power supply for a computer:
Power supply rating
Form factor
Cooling
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Activity 5-3
Activity on Replacing a
Power Supply
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and Before installing and configuring memory modules, you
Install Configure Memory
need to understand the following:
Memory Form Factors and Slot Types
Types of Memory
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Factors and Slot Memory modules come in several form factors, such as:
Memory Form Types
SIMM
DIMM
RIMM
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There are several types of RAM, such as:
Memory Types
SRAM
DRAM
DRDRAM
SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM
SAM
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Consider the following before purchasing RAM for a
Memory Selection Tips
computer:
Size
Speed
System board configuration
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Activity 5-5
Activity on Adding RAM
to a Computer
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and Before installing and configuring CPUs, you need to
Install Configure CPUs
understand the following:
CPU Chip Types
Instruction Sets
Cache memory
CPU Operational Characteristics
Processor Connections
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Chip CPU chips are developed by several different
CPU Types
manufacturers, such as:
Intel
AMD
Cyrix
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An instruction set is the collection of commands that is
Instruction Sets
used by a CPU to perform calculations and other computing
operations.
The following are the three categories of instruction sets
used by manufacturers:
CISC
RISC
EPIC
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Cache memory, or CPU cache, is a type of memory that
Cache Memory
services the CPU.
L1 cache (built into chip)
RAM (Main memory)
Local bus
L2 cache (SRAM
memory Local bus
bank)
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The following characteristics and technologies can affect a
CPU Operational Characteristics
CPU’s performance:
Bus width
Clock speed
Overclocking
CPU speed
Throttling
Hyperthreading
Dual core
Cache
Voltage Regulator Mode (VRM)
Multimedia Extensions (MMX)
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Different CPUs use different connection methods to connect
Processor Connections
to the system board, including various sockets, slots, and
connection methods.
Slot-based processors plug into a system board in much the
same way as an expansion board.
Socketed processors plug into a system board using a grid
array of pins.
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Consider the following before purchasing a CPU for a
CPU Selection Tips
computer:
System board type
Budgetary constraints
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Considerations
Consider the following when installing a CPU in a computer:
CPU Installation Power requirements
Proper removal and installation
Heat sink and fan
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Requirements
Consider the following when configuring and optimizing a
CPU Configuration and Optimization CPU after installation on a computer:
Voltage settings on older systems
Jumpers
CMOS Setup
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Activity 5-6
Activity on Upgrading
the CPU
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Install and Configure Before installing and configuring system boards, you need
System Boards
to understand the following:
Integrated I/O Port Types
Chipsets
BIOS types
CMOS settings
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I/O Port System boards can include any or all of a number of
Integrated Types
integrated controllers or ports:
Sound
Video
Network
Modem
USB
Serial
FireWire
Parallel
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A chipset is a system board component that includes the
Chipsets
CPU and other chips that support basic functions of the
computer.
The two main chips in the chipset are:
Northbridge
Southbridge
Chipset
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System BIOS types include:
BIOS Types
American Megatrends
Award BIOS
Phoenix BIOS
IBM SurePath BIOS
Microid Research
BootControl Pro
MicroFirmware
SystemSoft
Unicore
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Oxide You can configure the following settings from the keyboard
Complementary Metal Semiconductor (CMOS) Memory Settings
by using the CMOS Setup program:
System date and time
Password
Boot sequence
Memory
Floppy drive
Display
Parallel ports
Serial/COM ports
Power management
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Consider the following before you choose a motherboard for
System Board Selection Tips
a computer:
RAM
CPU
Ports
Expansion slots
Drive interfaces
Form factor
Clock speed
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Considerations
Consider the following before you install or replace a
System Board Installation motherboard for a computer:
Computer case
Connectors to fasten system board to computer case
Close cover properly
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Full-size
tower
Mid-size
tower
Micro-size
tower
Desktop
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Consider the following after you install the motherboard on a
System Board Configuration and Optimization Requirements
computer:
Match CPU frequency
DIP switches and jumpers
CMOS Setup Open, or Off
Closed, or On
Switch or switch block
Closed=on
Open=off
Jumper block
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Board The power supply connection to the system board is a
System Power Supply Connectors
keyed or unkeyed connection.
Notch for keyed connector
A single keyed connector
P8
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P9
A pair of connectors
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Activity 5-7
Activity on Upgrading
the System Board
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
You need to consider various factors while installing and
configuring the different types of storage devices so that you
can provide the users with the optimized data storage
capabilities.
You need to provide adequate power supply to the system so
as to prevent system power problems and keep the number of
support calls down.
You can also enhance the computer performance by
upgrading the memory of your system and this is the most
frequent task that can be performed.
You can also enhance the performance of the computer by
installing a second processor or by upgrading an existing
processor.
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Summary (Contd.)
You must know the factors that should be considered for either
installing or configuring a new system board or for repairing an
existing system board as this is the most important system
component in a computer.
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