A+ Hardware Windows Operating System

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In this session, you will learn to:
Objectives
Identify the major personal computer operating systems.
Identify the primary components of the Windows user interface.
Identify the primary tools and functions used in Windows file
system management.
Identify Windows system management tools.
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The commonly used operating system on a personal
Personal Computer Operating Systems
computer are:
Microsoft Windows
Unix
Linux
Apple Macintosh Operating Systems
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 2 of 41
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Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows:
Is the most popular desktop and server OS
Provides graphical user interface (GUI)
Supports wide range of application and devices
Requires a minimum 32-bit memory for processing
Provides native networking support
Supports a large suite of built-in applications and accessories
Often comes preinstalled on many PCs sold commercially
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Microsoft Windows comes in several different versions, such
Microsoft Windows Versions
as:
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Windows Server 2003
Windows 2000
Windows 9x and Me
Windows NT
Older Windows Desktop Operating System
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Unix
UNIX:
Systems share a kernel/shell architecture
Is portable to different hardware platforms
Incorporates built-in multitasking, multiuser, built-in networking,
and a robust development platform
User session
Shell
Shell
Shell
User session
Kernel
Shell
Shell
Shell
CPU
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 5 of 41
User session
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Linux
Linux:
Is an Open-standard UNIX derivative,
developed by Linus Torvalds
Incorporates built-in multitasking,
multiuser, built-networking, Kernel and shell built in and a robust
development platform
Code is open. It can be downloaded,
modified, and installed freely
Applications
Utilities
Installation media
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 6 of 41
Vendor support
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Apple Macintosh Operating Systems
Mac OS® X features:
Multiple user support
Integrated Mac, Windows, and UNIX server, file, and printer
browsing in the Finder
Safari™ Web browser
Native TCP/IP networking
Many file- and network-level security features
Wide hardware device support with a unique Macintosh
computer system design
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Interface Components
The primary components of the Windows user interface are:
Windows User Windows Desktop
Taskbar
Start Menu
Windows Explorer
My Computer
My Documents Folder
Control Panel
Command Prompt
My Network Places
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 8 of 41
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The Windows desktop is a general term for the overall
The Windows Desktop
contents of the computer screen that displays whenever
Windows is running.
Background
graphics
Desktop
icons
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 9 of 41
Taskbar
Start
button
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The Taskbar
The Taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen.
Quick Launch Notification area
Start button Buttons for open
programs
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The Start Menu is the main entry point into the Windows
The Start Menu
y p
user interface. You can access programs, tools, and
documents by choosing them directly from the Start menu
or from one of its sub-menus.
Current user
Programs, tools
and documents
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 11 of 41
Start button opens menu
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Activity 2-2
Activity on Examining the
Taskbar and Start Menu
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Windows Explorer is a graphical tool that enables users to
fil d f ld t
Windows Explorer
manage files and folders on a computer.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 13 of 41
Explorer bar Contents of selected item
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My Computer is used to manage files and folders on a
t d t d i tt hdt th
My Computer
computer and on any storage devices attached to the
computer. It has a single pane view of Windows explorer,
which has an additional task pane.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 14 of 41
Task pane Folders and storage devices
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Each user on a Windows system has a personal folder
The My Documents Folder
named My Documents for storing the user’s individual files.
Personal folder
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 15 of 41
Each user’s personal files
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Activity 2-3
Activity on Examining
Folder Management Tools
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The Control Panel is a graphical interface that provides
The Control Panel
access to a number of utilities that you can use to configure
the Windows operating system or the computer’s hardware.
Graphical interface
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 17 of 41
Configuration
utilities
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Activity 2-4
Activity on Exploring the
Control Panel
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 18 of 41
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The Command Prompt enables you to enter text-based
The Command Prompt
commands or run command-line tools.
Text-based
commands
Text input
Text output
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Activity 2-5
Activity on Running the
Command Prompt
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 20 of 41
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My Network Places is a view of My Computer that enables
My Network Places
you to connect to other computers and to manage files and
folders elsewhere on the network.
Network resources
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 21 of 41
Network-related tasks My Computer view
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Activity 2-6
Activity on Exploring
My Network Places
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 22 of 41
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File The primary tools and functions used in Windows file
Windows System Management
system management are:
Directories and Folders
File Extensions
File Attributes
File Systems
Shared Resources
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Directory and folder are interchangeable terms for a
Directories and Folders
component in a file system hierarchy that provides a
container to organize files and other folders.
Folder
hierarchy
Directory (folder)
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 24 of 41
Organizes files and folders
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Standard file extensions following the names of files can
File Extensions
indicate whether a particular file is a system, program, or
data file.
Indicates function of file Indicates function of file
Separated by period Three characters
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Activity 2-7
Activity on Viewing File
Extensions
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 26 of 41
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There are several standard attributes you can set or clear
File Attributes
on files and folders on Windows systems. They are:
Archive
Hidden
Read-only
System
Index (Windows only)
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Activity 2-8
Activity on Exploring File
Attributes
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File Windows supports several different file systems. They are:
Windows Systems
FAT / FAT32
Legacy file systems
Support dual-boot to DOS
FAT: floppy disks, very small drives
FAT32: enhanced for larger drives
No security, encryption, compression
NTFS
FAT/FAT32
Permissions
Encryption
Compression
NTFS
Large files and drives
Media file systems
For other media
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 29 of 41
Media File Systems
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Permissions are security settings that control access to
Permissions
individual objects, such as files.
Administrators: Full access
User01: Read-only access
Marketing
d t
Contractors: No access
documents
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There are five standard NTFS permissions you can assign
NTFS File Permissions
to files. They are:
Read
Write
Read & Execute
Modify
Full Control
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There are six standard NTFS permissions you can assign to
NTFS Folder Permissions
files. They are:
List Folder Contents
Read
Write
Read & Execute
Modify
Full Control
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A share is any network resource that is available to other
Shares
computer users on the network. Typical shares include
folders, printers, and drives.
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You can set three different levels of permissions on shared
Shared Folder Permissions
folders.
Permission Description
Read
•View file and subfolder names, contents, attributes
•Run program files
•Granted to Everyone by default
P f llR d i i t k
Change
•Perform all Read permission tasks
•Add, change, delete files and folders
Full Control
•Perform all Read and Change permission tasks
•Change permissions
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Activity 2-9
Activity on Exploring
NTFS Permissions
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Some of the important Windows system management tools
Windows System Management Tools
are:
The Computer Management Console
The Registry
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Computer Management is the primary administrative tool
The Computer Management Console
you will use to manage and configure a Windows XP
computer. Single console
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 37 of 41
Hierarchical view of utilities Contents of selected node
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Activity 2-10
Activity on Examining
Computer Management
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The registry is the central configuration database where
The Registry
Windows stores and retrieves startup settings, hardware
and software configuration information, and information for
local user accounts.
Subtrees
Keys
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 39 of 41
Value
entries
Value data
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Activity 2-11
Activity on Examining the
Structure of the Registry
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 40 of 41
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Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The commonly used operating system on a personal computer
are Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, and Apple Macintosh
Operating Systems.
The primary components of the Windows user interface are
Windows desktop, taskbar, start menu, Windows explorer, My
Computer, My Documents folder, control panel, command
Prompt, and My Network Places.
The primary tools and functions used in Windows file system
management are directories and folders, file extensions, file
attributes, file systems, and shared resources.
Some of the important Windows system management tools
are computer management console and registry.
Ver. 1.0 Session 2 Slide 41 of 41